Hybrid ameloblastoma: a case report

OBJECTIVES: A very uncommon kind of ameloblastoma that combines a traditional follicular or plexiform subtype with solid-type ameloblastoma and desmoplastic features is emerging as a distinct entity. Hybrid ameloblastoma is a rare and unique type of ameloblastoma—a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor arising from the odontogenic epithelium, which is involved in the formation of teeth. What sets hybrid ameloblastoma apart is its distinctive histopathological presentation, featuring a combination of patterns typically seen in other subtypes of ameloblastomas. Hybrid ameloblastoma exhibits a mix of histological features, most commonly a combination of the follicular and plexiform patterns with other variants such as desmoplastic and acanthomatous types. This heterogeneity can make diagnosis challenging, as the tumor may not conform to the classical appearance of any single subtype of ameloblastoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinically, it often manifests as a slow-growing, painless tumour with characteristic radiological and microscopic features, much like a standard ameloblastoma. Furthermore, not much is known about how these benign tumours grow; the majority of lesions show a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque pattern with irregular boundaries.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The current case report focuses on presenting an uncommon instance that histologically exhibits ameloblastic follicles, plexiform patterns coexisting with granular cells, and acanthomatous alterations, given the rarity of ameloblastic lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Radiographically, hybrid ameloblastomas usually appear as well-defined, multilocular radiolucent lesions, similar to other types of ameloblastomas. However, due to their diverse histological nature, they might exhibit varied radiographic features that necessitate a thorough evaluation.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Hybrid ameloblastoma represents a complex and intriguing variant of ameloblastomas, necessitating careful histopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis. Its management requires a balance between thorough surgical removal and preservation of function and aesthetics. Continued research and documentation of cases are essential to deepen our understanding of this rare tumor and improve patient outcomes.

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