Ameloblastic fibroma in a 12-year-old girl: a clinical case

OBJECTIVES: Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor composed of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue, mostly located in the mandible premolar-molar region of young male patients. Its etiology is unknown and since it is asymptomatic, it can be diagnosed during routine oral examination or with an orthopanoramic radiograph. In most cases this lesion is associated with an impacted tooth and from the histological point of view, it is characterized by plump fibroblasts and collagen fibrils.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 12-year-old girl presented a suspicious neoplastic lesion of the left posterior region of the mandible, associated with an impacted tooth. Clinical and radiographic examination were compatible with the diagnosis of pediatric ameloblastic fibroma. The lesion was treated with complete enucleation and bone curettage; mandibular left second molar was also extracted.

RESULTS: The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastic fibroma. One year follow-up orthopantomography and computed tomography showed bone defect healing and no evidence of recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing ameloblastic fibroma and initiating early treatment is crucial to avoid complications and ensure the well-being of patients. Ameloblastic fibroma, a relatively uncommon odontogenic tumor, presents a range of treatment options: conservative therapy is typically recommended for small and asymptomatic lesions, while aggressive surgery is less frequently employed for extensive or locally recurring cases.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Timely recognition of ameloblastic fibroma is crucial to prevent complications. Treatment options range from conservative to surgical, depending on size and symptoms. Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring recurrence and malignant transformation. Surgical enucleation with bone curettage is a common approach. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment improve clinical outcomes and patient well-being.

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